题目内容
编写一个程序,通过填充空格来解决数独问题。
数独的解法需 遵循如下规则:
1、数字 1-9 在每一行只能出现一次。
2、数字 1-9 在每一列只能出现一次。
3、数字 1-9 在每一个以粗实线分隔的 3x3 宫内只能出现一次。(请参考示例图)
4、数独部分空格内已填入了数字,空白格用 ‘.’ 表示。
示例
示例:
输入:board = [[“5”,”3”,”.”,”.”,”7”,”.”,”.”,”.”,”.”],[“6”,”.”,”.”,”1”,”9”,”5”,”.”,”.”,”.”],[“.”,”9”,”8”,”.”,”.”,”.”,”.”,”6”,”.”],[“8”,”.”,”.”,”.”,”6”,”.”,”.”,”.”,”3”],[“4”,”.”,”.”,”8”,”.”,”3”,”.”,”.”,”1”],[“7”,”.”,”.”,”.”,”2”,”.”,”.”,”.”,”6”],[“.”,”6”,”.”,”.”,”.”,”.”,”2”,”8”,”.”],[“.”,”.”,”.”,”4”,”1”,”9”,”.”,”.”,”5”],[“.”,”.”,”.”,”.”,”8”,”.”,”.”,”7”,”9”]]
输出:[[“5”,”3”,”4”,”6”,”7”,”8”,”9”,”1”,”2”],[“6”,”7”,”2”,”1”,”9”,”5”,”3”,”4”,”8”],[“1”,”9”,”8”,”3”,”4”,”2”,”5”,”6”,”7”],[“8”,”5”,”9”,”7”,”6”,”1”,”4”,”2”,”3”],[“4”,”2”,”6”,”8”,”5”,”3”,”7”,”9”,”1”],[“7”,”1”,”3”,”9”,”2”,”4”,”8”,”5”,”6”],[“9”,”6”,”1”,”5”,”3”,”7”,”2”,”8”,”4”],[“2”,”8”,”7”,”4”,”1”,”9”,”6”,”3”,”5”],[“3”,”4”,”5”,”2”,”8”,”6”,”1”,”7”,”9”]]
解释:输入的数独如上图所示,唯一有效的解决方案如下所示:
提示
1、board.length == 9
2、board[i].length == 9
3、board[i][j]
是一位数字或者 ‘.’
4、题目数据 保证 输入数独仅有一个解
题解
本题是采用深度优先算法,需要根据数独的规则,以递归的方式进行枚举并搜索答案。
需要注意的是如何能够迅速判断方格内在规则下还能够枚举哪些数字,这里进行一个说明:
因为数独中每行、每列、每个小方格都不允许重复,因此我们需要开布尔数组去记录每行、每列、每个小方格的变化情况。具体请看代码注释。
另外,在枚举每个小方格的坐标元素时,需要首先判断当前元素属于哪个小方格中。这里给出判断的公式:
在[i/3][j/3]
的小方格中,看下图:
代码
class Solution { |